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In normal operation, the sand filter is used to remove debris and small particles from the pool water as it passes through the filter. This over a period of time restricts the water flow and causes the pressure to increase. This is why we recommend to our pool owners to have a pressure guage fitted to their filters as it is a good way of seeing how efficiently the filter is working. We do not recommend that you allow the pressure to build up to its maximum before backwashing or cleaning the filter, as over time this can cause damage to the laterals and also harm the water quality and TDS readings.
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If the pressure in the filter drops then this indicates that the filter is not getting sufficient pool water through the circulation system. This could be due to blocked skimmers and sumps inside the pool, restricted suction pipes in the balance tank, or the suction pipes from the pool are blocked off or restricted. Also the isolating ball valves could be partially turned off or blocked with debris, or even a blocked filter basket in the pump to a blocked pump chamber or impellor inside the pump, or finally a restricted inlet to the multiport fitted to the filter.
Further investigation will be needed to find the reasons. If the plantroom is below water level, make sure you can isolate the pool totally including any returns and that the ball valves are installed in the correct direction. If the pump appears to be the problem and you need help with your investigations, please use the Contact Page to book an appointment for a PSP engineer to visit.